校验

基本用法

Lumen 和 Laravel 一样，通过 Validation facade 提供了一套简单、方便的校验数据并返回错误信息的工具。

基本实例

$validator = Validator::make(
	['name' => 'Dayle'],
	['name' => 'required|min:5']
);

上述代码中，传递给 make 方法的第一个参数是需要被校验的数据；第二个参数表示用于校验该数据的校验规则。

通过数组来指定校验规则

多个校验规则既可以使用 "pipe" （也就是 “|”）符号相互分隔，也可以是一组校验规则所组成的数组。

$validator = Validator::make(
	['name' => 'Dayle'],
	['name' => ['required', 'min:5']]
);

校验多个字段

$validator = Validator::make(
	[
		'name' => 'Dayle',
		'password' => 'lamepassword',
		'email' => 'email@example.com'
	],
	[
		'name' => 'required',
		'password' => 'required|min:8',
		'email' => 'required|email|unique:users'
	]
);

当一个 Validator 实例被创建后，fails（或 passes） 方法就可以用于执行校验动作。

if ($validator->fails())
{
	// 指定的数据校验失败
}

如果校验失败，你就可以从校验器中获取错误信息。

$messages = $validator->messages();

通过 failed 方法，你可以直接获取失败的校验规则 -- 不带错误信息：

$failed = $validator->failed();

校验文件

Validator 类提供了一些规则用来校验文件，例如 size、mimes 等等。当验证文件时，只需将这些文件和您其他数据一同传给验证器即可。

校验之后执行回调函数

校验器也允许你在完成校验后执行你给定的回调函数。这就允许你可以进行更进一步的校验，甚至在消息集合中增加更多的错误信息。我们通过校验器实例调用 after 方法来展示一个实例：

$validator = Validator::make(...);

$validator->after(function($validator) {
	if ($this->somethingElseIsInvalid()) {
		$validator->errors()->add('field', 'Something is wrong with this field!');
	}
});

if ($validator->fails()) {
	//
}

您可以根据需要为校验器增加任意数量的 after 回调函数。

路由 / 控制器校验

当然，如果每一次都手动创建并调用 Validator 实例的话会非常繁琐。不用担心，有更简便的方法！Lumen 内置的 Laravel\Lumen\Routing\Controller 类使用了一个 ValidatesRequests 的 trait，这个 trait 提供了一个单一的、便捷的方法来校验 HTTP 请求。代码如下：

/**
 * Store the incoming blog post.
 *
 * @param  Request  $request
 * @return Response
 */
public function store(Request $request)
{
	$this->validate($request, [
		'title' => 'required|unique|max:255',
		'body' => 'required',
	]);

	//
}

你甚至还可以从一个路由闭包（route Closure）中调用 validate 方法：

use Illuminate\Http\Request;

$app->post('comment', function(Request $request) {

	$this->validate($request, [
		'title' => 'required|unique|max:255',
		'body' => 'required',
	]);

	//
});

If validation passes, your code will keep executing normally. However, if validation fails, an Illuminate\Contracts\Validation\ValidationException will be thrown. This exception is automatically caught and a redirect is generated to the user's previous location. The validation errors are even automatically flashed to the session!

If the incoming request was an AJAX request, no redirect will be generated. Instead, an HTTP response with a 422 status code will be returned to the browser containing a JSON representation of the validation errors.

For example, here is the equivalent code written manually:

/**
 * Store the incoming blog post.
 *
 * @param  Request  $request
 * @return Response
 */
public function store(Request $request)
{
	$v = Validator::make($request->all(), [
		'title' => 'required|unique|max:255',
		'body' => 'required',
	]);

	if ($v->fails()) {
		return redirect()->back()->withErrors($v->errors());
	}

	//
}

Customizing The Flashed Error Format

If you wish to customize the format of the validation errors that are flashed to the session when validation fails, override the formatValidationErrors on your base controller. Don't forget to import the Illuminate\Validation\Validator class at the top of the file:

/**
 * {@inheritdoc}
 */
protected function formatValidationErrors(Validator $validator)
{
	return $validator->errors()->all();
}

If you would like to customize the format of the validation errors when using the validate method from route Closures, you may do so by calling the Laravel\Lumen\Routing\Closure class:

use Laravel\Lumen\Routing\Closure;

Closure::formatErrorsUsing(function($validator) {
	return $validator->errors()->all();
});

Likewise, you may customize how the entire HTTP response for route Closure validation errors is rendered:

use Laravel\Lumen\Routing\Closure;

Closure::buildResponseUsing(function($validator, $errors) {
	// Return Illuminate\Http\Response Instance...
});

Working With Error Messages

After calling the messages method on a Validator instance, you will receive a MessageBag instance, which has a variety of convenient methods for working with error messages.

Retrieving The First Error Message For A Field

echo $messages->first('email');

Retrieving All Error Messages For A Field

foreach ($messages->get('email') as $message) {
	//
}

Retrieving All Error Messages For All Fields

foreach ($messages->all() as $message) {
	//
}

Determining If Messages Exist For A Field

if ($messages->has('email')) {
	//
}

Retrieving An Error Message With A Format

echo $messages->first('email', '<p>:message</p>');

Retrieving All Error Messages With A Format

foreach ($messages->all('<li>:message</li>') as $message) {
	//
}

Error Messages & Views

Note: Before using this feature of Lumen, you will need to enable sessions.

Once you have performed validation, you will need an easy way to get the error messages back to your views. This is conveniently handled by Lumen. Consider the following routes as an example:

$app->get('register', function() {
	return view('user.register');
});

$app->post('register', function() {
	$rules = [...];

	$validator = Validator::make(Input::all(), $rules);

	if ($validator->fails()) {
		return redirect('register')->withErrors($validator);
	}
});

Note that when validation fails, we pass the Validator instance to the Redirect using the withErrors method. This method will flash the error messages to the session so that they are available on the next request.

However, notice that we do not have to explicitly bind the error messages to the view in our GET route. This is because Laravel will always check for errors in the session data, and automatically bind them to the view if they are available. So, it is important to note that an $errors variable will always be available in all of your views, on every request, allowing you to conveniently assume the $errors variable is always defined and can be safely used. The $errors variable will be an instance of MessageBag.

So, after redirection, you may utilize the automatically bound $errors variable in your view:

<?php echo $errors->first('email'); ?>

Named Error Bags

If you have multiple forms on a single page, you may wish to name the MessageBag of errors. This will allow you to retrieve the error messages for a specific form. Simply pass a name as the second argument to withErrors:

return redirect('register')->withErrors($validator, 'login');

You may then access the named MessageBag instance from the $errors variable:

<?php echo $errors->login->first('email'); ?>

可用校验规则

下面是所有可用的校验规则以及相对应的函数名：

accepted

The field under validation must be yes, on, 1, or true. This is useful for validating "Terms of Service" acceptance.

active_url

The field under validation must be a valid URL according to the checkdnsrr PHP function.

after:date

The field under validation must be a value after a given date. The dates will be passed into the PHP strtotime function.

alpha

The field under validation must be entirely alphabetic characters.

alpha_dash

The field under validation may have alpha-numeric characters, as well as dashes and underscores.

alpha_num

The field under validation must be entirely alpha-numeric characters.

array

The field under validation must be of type array.

before:date

The field under validation must be a value preceding the given date. The dates will be passed into the PHP strtotime function.

between:min,max

The field under validation must have a size between the given min and max. Strings, numerics, and files are evaluated in the same fashion as the size rule.

boolean

The field under validation must be able to be cast as a boolean. Accepted input are true, false, 1, 0, "1" and "0".

confirmed

The field under validation must have a matching field of foo_confirmation. For example, if the field under validation is password, a matching password_confirmation field must be present in the input.

date

The field under validation must be a valid date according to the strtotime PHP function.

date_format:format

The field under validation must match the format defined according to the date_parse_from_format PHP function.

different:field

The given field must be different than the field under validation.

digits:value

The field under validation must be numeric and must have an exact length of value.

digits_between:min,max

The field under validation must have a length between the given min and max.

email

The field under validation must be formatted as an e-mail address.

exists:table,column

The field under validation must exist on a given database table.

Basic Usage Of Exists Rule

'state' => 'exists:states'

Specifying A Custom Column Name

'state' => 'exists:states,abbreviation'

You may also specify more conditions that will be added as "where" clauses to the query:

'email' => 'exists:staff,email,account_id,1'

Passing NULL as a "where" clause value will add a check for a NULL database value:

'email' => 'exists:staff,email,deleted_at,NULL'

image

The file under validation must be an image (jpeg, png, bmp, gif, or svg)

in:foo,bar,...

The field under validation must be included in the given list of values.

integer

The field under validation must have an integer value.

ip

The field under validation must be formatted as an IP address.

max:value

The field under validation must be less than or equal to a maximum value. Strings, numerics, and files are evaluated in the same fashion as the size rule.

mimes:foo,bar,...

The file under validation must have a MIME type corresponding to one of the listed extensions.

Basic Usage Of MIME Rule

'photo' => 'mimes:jpeg,bmp,png'

min:value

The field under validation must have a minimum value. Strings, numerics, and files are evaluated in the same fashion as the size rule.

not_in:foo,bar,...

The field under validation must not be included in the given list of values.

numeric

The field under validation must have a numeric value.

regex:pattern

The field under validation must match the given regular expression.

Note: When using the regex pattern, it may be necessary to specify rules in an array instead of using pipe delimiters, especially if the regular expression contains a pipe character.

required

The field under validation must be present in the input data.

required_if:field,value,...

The field under validation must be present if the field field is equal to any value.

required_with:foo,bar,...

The field under validation must be present only if any of the other specified fields are present.

required_with_all:foo,bar,...

The field under validation must be present only if all of the other specified fields are present.

required_without:foo,bar,...

The field under validation must be present only when any of the other specified fields are not present.

required_without_all:foo,bar,...

The field under validation must be present only when all of the other specified fields are not present.

same:field

The given field must match the field under validation.

size:value

The field under validation must have a size matching the given value. For string data, value corresponds to the number of characters. For numeric data, value corresponds to a given integer value. For files, size corresponds to the file size in kilobytes.

string:value

The field under validation must be a string type.

timezone

The field under validation must be a valid timezone identifier according to the timezone_identifiers_list PHP function.

unique:table,column,except,idColumn

The field under validation must be unique on a given database table. If the column option is not specified, the field name will be used.

Basic Usage Of Unique Rule

'email' => 'unique:users'

Specifying A Custom Column Name

'email' => 'unique:users,email_address'

Forcing A Unique Rule To Ignore A Given ID

'email' => 'unique:users,email_address,10'

Adding Additional Where Clauses

You may also specify more conditions that will be added as "where" clauses to the query:

'email' => 'unique:users,email_address,NULL,id,account_id,1'

In the rule above, only rows with an account_id of 1 would be included in the unique check.

url

The field under validation must be formatted as an URL.

Note: This function uses PHP's filter_var method.

Conditionally Adding Rules

In some situations, you may wish to run validation checks against a field only if that field is present in the input array. To quickly accomplish this, add the sometimes rule to your rule list:

$v = Validator::make($data, [
	'email' => 'sometimes|required|email',
]);

In the example above, the email field will only be validated if it is present in the $data array.

Complex Conditional Validation

Sometimes you may wish to require a given field only if another field has a greater value than 100. Or you may need two fields to have a given value only when another field is present. Adding these validation rules doesn't have to be a pain. First, create a Validator instance with your static rules that never change:

$v = Validator::make($data, [
	'email' => 'required|email',
	'games' => 'required|numeric',
]);

Let's assume our web application is for game collectors. If a game collector registers with our application and they own more than 100 games, we want them to explain why they own so many games. For example, perhaps they run a game re-sell shop, or maybe they just enjoy collecting. To conditionally add this requirement, we can use the sometimes method on the Validator instance.

$v->sometimes('reason', 'required|max:500', function($input) {
	return $input->games >= 100;
});

The first argument passed to the sometimes method is the name of the field we are conditionally validating. The second argument is the rules we want to add. If the Closure passed as the third argument returns true, the rules will be added. This method makes it a breeze to build complex conditional validations. You may even add conditional validations for several fields at once:

$v->sometimes(['reason', 'cost'], 'required', function($input) {
	return $input->games >= 100;
});

Note: The $input parameter passed to your Closure will be an instance of Illuminate\Support\Fluent and may be used as an object to access your input and files.

Custom Error Messages

If needed, you may use custom error messages for validation instead of the defaults. There are several ways to specify custom messages.

Passing Custom Messages Into Validator

$messages = [
	'required' => 'The :attribute field is required.',
];

$validator = Validator::make($input, $rules, $messages);

Note: The :attribute place-holder will be replaced by the actual name of the field under validation. You may also utilize other place-holders in validation messages.

Other Validation Place-Holders

$messages = [
	'same'    => 'The :attribute and :other must match.',
	'size'    => 'The :attribute must be exactly :size.',
	'between' => 'The :attribute must be between :min - :max.',
	'in'      => 'The :attribute must be one of the following types: :values',
];

Specifying A Custom Message For A Given Attribute

Sometimes you may wish to specify a custom error messages only for a specific field:

$messages = [
	'email.required' => 'We need to know your e-mail address!',
];

Specifying Custom Messages In Language Files

In some cases, you may wish to specify your custom messages in a language file instead of passing them directly to the Validator. To do so, add your messages to custom array in the resources/lang/xx/validation.php language file.

'custom' => [
	'email' => [
		'required' => 'We need to know your e-mail address!',
	],
],

Custom Validation Rules

Registering A Custom Validation Rule

Lumen provides a variety of helpful validation rules; however, you may wish to specify some of your own. One method of registering custom validation rules is using the Validator::extend method:

Validator::extend('foo', function($attribute, $value, $parameters) {
	return $value == 'foo';
});

Note: Validator extensions should be placed in service providers.

The custom validator Closure receives three arguments: the name of the $attribute being validated, the $value of the attribute, and an array of $parameters passed to the rule.

You may also pass a class and method to the extend method instead of a Closure:

Validator::extend('foo', 'FooValidator@validate');

Note that you will also need to define an error message for your custom rules. You can do so either using an inline custom message array or by adding an entry in the validation language file.

Extending The Validator Class

Instead of using Closure callbacks to extend the Validator, you may also extend the Validator class itself. To do so, write a Validator class that extends Illuminate\Validation\Validator. You may add validation methods to the class by prefixing them with validate:

<?php

class CustomValidator extends Illuminate\Validation\Validator {

	public function validateFoo($attribute, $value, $parameters)
	{
		return $value == 'foo';
	}

}

Registering A Custom Validator Resolver

Next, you need to register your custom Validator extension:

Validator::resolver(function($translator, $data, $rules, $messages) {
	return new CustomValidator($translator, $data, $rules, $messages);
});

When creating a custom validation rule, you may sometimes need to define custom place-holder replacements for error messages. You may do so by creating a custom Validator as described above, and adding a replaceXXX function to the validator.

protected function replaceFoo($message, $attribute, $rule, $parameters)
{
	return str_replace(':foo', $parameters[0], $message);
}

If you would like to add a custom message "replacer" without extending the Validator class, you may use the Validator::replacer method:

Validator::replacer('rule', function($message, $attribute, $rule, $parameters) {
	//
});